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PART I - PROBLEM SOLVING : Solve the problem and indicate the best of the answer choices given. Numbers: All numbers used are real numbers. Figures: All ﬁgures accompanying problem solving questions are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems. Figures are drawn as accurately as possible. Exceptions will be clearly noted. Lines shown as straight are straight, and lines that appear jagged are also straight. The positions of points, angles, regions, etc., exist in the order shown, and angle measures are greater than zero. All ﬁgures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

Question 1 : Last month a certain music club offered a discount to preferred customers. After the first compact disc purchased, preferred customers paid $3.99 for each additional compact disc purchased. If a preferred customer purchased a total of 6 compact discs and paid $15.95 for the first compact disc, then the dollar amount that the customer paid for the 6 compact discs is equivalent to which of the following ?

(A) 5(4.00) + 15.90

(B) 5(4.00) + 15.95

(D) 5(4.00-0.01) + 15.90

(E) 5(4.00-0.05) + 15,95

Question 2 : Among a group of 2,500 people, 35 percent invest in municipal bonds, 18 percent invest in oil stocks, and 7 percent invest in both municipal bonds and oil stocks. If 1 person is to be randomly selected from the 2,500 people, what is the probability that the person selected will be one who invests in municipal bonds but NOT in oil stocks ?

(A) 9/50

(B) 7/25

(D) 21/50

(E) 27/50

Question 3 : A closed cylindrical tank contains 36π cubic feet of water and is filled to half its capacity. When the tank is placed upright on its circular base on level ground, the height of the water in the tank is 4 feet. When the tank is placed on its side on level ground, what is the height, in feet, of the surface of the water above the ground ?

(A) 2

(B) 3

(D) 6

(E) 9

Question 4 : A marketing firm determined that, of 200 households surveyed, 80 used neither Brand A nor Brand B soap, 60 used only Brand A soap, and for every household that used both brands of soap, 3 used only Brand B soap. How many of the 200 households surveyed used both brands of soap ?

(A) 15

(B) 20

(D) 40

(E) 45

Question 5 : A certain club has 10 members, including Harry. One of the 10 members is to be chosen at random to be the president, one of the remaining 9 members is to be chosen at random to be the secretary, and one of the remaining 8 members is to be chosen at random to be the treasurer. What is the probability that Harry will be either the member chosen to be the secretary or the member chosen to be the treasurer ?

(A) 1/720

(B) 1/80

(D) 1/9

(E) 1/5

Question 6 : A researcher computed the mean, the median, and the standard deviation for a set of performance scores. If 5 were to be added to each score, which of these three statistics would change ?

(A) The mean only

(B) The median only

(D) The mean and the median

(E) The mean and the standard deviation

Question 7 : Of the three-digit integers greater than 700, how many have two digits that are equal to each other and the remaining digit different from the other two ?

(A) 90

(B) 80

(D) 45

(E) 36

Question 8 : If s and t are positive integers such that , s/t = 64.12, which of the following could be the remainder when s is divided by t ?

(A) 2

(B) 4

(D) 20

(E) 45

Question 9 : Of the 84 parents who attended a meeting at a school, 35 volunteered to supervise children during the school picnic and 11 volunteered both to supervise children during the picnic and to bring refreshments to the picnic. If the number of parents who volunteered to bring refreshments was 1.5 times the number of parents who neither volunteered to supervise children during the picnic nor volunteered to bring refreshments, how many of the parents volunteered to bring refreshments ?

(A) 25

(B) 36

(D) 42

(E) 45

Question 10 : If k is an integer and 2 is smaller than k and k is smaller than 7, for how many different values of k is there a triangle with sides of lengths 2, 7, and k ?

(A) One

(B) Two

(D) Four

(E) Five

PART II - CRITICAL REASONING : Each of the critical reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

Question 1 : Vasquez-Morrell Assurance specializes in insuring manufacturers. Whenever a policyholder makes a claim, a claims adjuster determines the amount that Vasquez-Morrell is obligated to pay. Vasquez-Morrell is cutting its staff of claims adjusters by 15 percent. To ensure that the company’s ability to handle claims promptly is affected as little as possible by the staff cuts, consultants recommend that Vasquez-Morrell lay off those adjusters who now take longest, on average, to complete work on claims assigned to them. Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the consultants’ criterion for selecting the staff to be laid off ?

(A) If the time that Vasquez-Morrell takes to settle claims increases significantly, it could lose business to other insurers.

(B) Supervisors at Vasquez-Morrell tend to assign the most complex claims to the most capable adjusters.

(C) At Vasquez-Morrell, no insurance payments are made until a claims adjuster has reached a final determination on the claim.

(D) There are no positions at Vasquez-Morrell to which staff currently employed as claims adjusters could be reassigned.

(E) The premiums that Vasquez-Morrell currently charges are no higher than those charged for similar coverage by competitors.

Question 2 : Prolonged spells of hot, dry weather at the end of the grape-growing season typically reduce a vineyard’s yield, because the grapes stay relatively small. In years with such weather, wine producers can make only a relatively small quantity of wine from a given area of vineyards. Nonetheless, in regions where wine producers generally grow their own grapes, analysts typically expect a long, hot, dry spell late in the growing season to result in increased revenues for local wine producers. Which of the following, if true, does most to justify the analysts’ expectation ?

(A) The lower a vineyard’s yield, the less labor is required to harvest the grapes.

(B) Long, hot, dry spells at the beginning of the grape-growing season are rare, but they can have a devastating effect on a vineyard’s yield.

(D) When hot, dry spells are followed by heavy rains, the rains frequently destroy grape crops.

(E) Grapes that have matured in hot, dry weather make significantly better wine than ordinary grapes.

Question 3 : In the past, most children who went sledding in the winter snow in Verland used wooden sleds with runners and steering bars. Ten years ago, smooth plastic sleds became popular; they go faster than wooden sleds but are harder to steer and slow. The concern that plastic sleds are more dangerous is clearly borne out by the fact that the number of children injured while sledding was much higher last winter than it was 10 years ago. Which of the following, if true in Verland, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence cited ?

(A) A few children still use traditional wooden sleds.

(B) Very few children wear any kind of protective gear, such as helmets, while sledding.

(D) Most sledding injuries occur when a sled collides with a tree, a rock, or another sled.

(E) Because the traditional wooden sleds can carry more than one rider, an accident involving a wooden sled can result in several children being injured.

Question 4 : Metal rings recently excavated from seventh-century settlements in the western part of Mexico were made using the same metallurgical techniques as those used by Ecuadorian artisans before and during that period. These techniques are sufficiently complex to make their independent development in both areas unlikely. Since the people of these two areas were in cultural contact, archaeologists hypothesize that the metallurgical techniques used to make the rings found in Mexico were learned by Mexican artisans from Ecuadorian counterparts. Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the archaeologists’ hypothesis ?

(A) Whether metal objects were traded from Ecuador to western Mexico during the seventh century

(B) Whether travel between western Mexico and Ecuador in the seventh century would have been primarily by land or by sea

(C) Whether artisans from western Mexico could have learned complex metallurgical techniques from their Ecuadorian counterparts without actually leaving western Mexico

(D) Whether metal tools were used in the seventhcentury settlements in western Mexico

(E) Whether any of the techniques used in the manufacture of the metal rings found in western Mexico are still practiced among artisans in Ecuador today

Question 5 : The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton County than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more is higher in Sommer County. If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true ?

(A) The percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.

(B) Merton County has the second highest percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more.

(D) The number of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is greater in Merton County than in Sommer County

(E) Average annual household income is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.

PARTIE III - READING COMPREHENSION : Each of the reading comprehension questions is based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, answer all questions pertaining to it on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

All the cells in a particular plant start out with the same complement of genes. How then can these cells differentiate and form structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits ? The answer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are expressed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accomplished by a complex system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory molecules. Five major hormones have been identiﬁed : auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellin. Studies of plants have now identiﬁed a new class of regulatory molecules called oligosaccharins.

Unlike the oligosaccharins, the ﬁve well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic rather than speciﬁc; that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and development of plants. The ﬁve have so many simultaneous effects that they are not very useful in artiﬁcially controlling the growth of crops. Auxin, for instance, stimulates the rate of cell elongation, causes shoots to grow up and roots to grow down, and inhibits the growth of lateral shoots. Auxin also causes the plant to develop a vascular system, to form lateral roots, and to produce ethylene.

The pleiotropy of the ﬁve well-studied plant hormones is somewhat analogous to that of certain hormones in animals. For example, hormones from the hypothalamus in the brain stimulate the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to synthesize and release many different hormones, one of which stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex. These hormones have speciﬁc effects on target
organs all over the body. One hormone stimulates the thyroid gland, for example, another the ovarian follicle cells, and so forth. In other words, there is a hierarchy of hormones.

Such a hierarchy may also exist in plants. Oligosaccharins are fragments of the cell wall released by enzymes : different enzymes release different oligosaccharins. There are indications that pleiotropic
plant hormones may actually function by activating the enzymes that release these other, more speciﬁc chemical messengers from the cell wall.

Question 1 : The passage suggests that the place of hypothalamic hormones in the hormonal hierarchies of animals is similar to the place of which of the following in plants??

(A) Plant cell walls

(B) The complement of genes in each plant cell

(D) The ﬁve major hormones

(E) The oligosaccharins

Question 2 : The passage suggests that which of the following is a function likely to be performed by an oligosaccharin?

(A) To stimulate a particular plant cell to become part of a plant’s root system

(B) To stimulate the walls of a particular cell to produce other oligosaccharins

(D) To duplicate the gene complement in a particular plant cell

(E) To produce multiple effects on a particular subsystem of plant cells

Question 3 : The author mentions speciﬁc effects that auxin has on plant development in order to illustrate the

(A) point that some of the effects of plant hormones can be harmful

(B) way in which hormones are produced by plants

(D) differences among the best-known plant hormones

(E) concept of pleiotropy as it is exhibited by plant hormones

Question 4 : According to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by oligosaccharins?

(A) Regulating the daily functioning of a plant’s cells

(B) Interacting with one another to produce different chemicals

(D) Producing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate to perform different functions

(E) Inﬂuencing the development of a plant’s cells by controlling the expression of the cells’ genes

Question 5 : The passage suggests that, unlike the pleiotropic hormones, oligosaccharins could be used effectively to

(A) trace the passage of chemicals through the walls of cells

(B) pinpoint functions of other plant hormones

(D) alter the complement of genes in the cells of plants

(E) alter the effects of the ﬁve major hormones on plant development

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ETATS-UNIS

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FRANCE

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Suisse

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